Table 1 XRD parameters of the as-prepared Cu NPs via Quinoa seed extract

Measured 2θ (degree)

43.3

50.44

74.14

89.92

Reference 2θ (degree)

43.3162

50.4479

74.1236

89.9307

D (nm)

7.5786

7.7862

8.8282

9.4478

Average D (nm)

8.41

δ (lines/m²)

1.74 × 10¹⁶

1.65 × 10¹⁶

1.28 × 10¹⁶

1.12 × 10¹⁶

Average δ (lines/m²)

1.41 × 10¹⁶

ε

0.0124

0.0105

0.0065

0.0052

Average ε

0.009

α

7.9 × 10^–3

7.3 × 10^–3

5.7 × 10^–3

5.3 × 10^–3

Measured d (nm)

0.2090

0.1809

0.1279

0.1091

Reference d (nm)

0.2087

0.1808

0.1278

0.1090