Table 5 Greenness assessment using GAPI and AGREE tools

Sample preparation

1. Collection: On line

2. Preservation: None

3. Transport: None

4. Storage: Under special conditions

5. Type of the method (direct/indirect): Simple procedure

6. Scale of extraction: Nano-extraction

7. Solvents/Reagents: Green solvents/reagents (only water)

8. Additional treatments: None

Reagents and solvents

9. Amounts: 1-100 mL (1- 100 g)

10. Health hazard: HCl can cause serious or permanent injury, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) health hazard rating = 3

11. Safety hazard: Flammability score of methanol = 3 and HCl = 0

Instrumentation

12. Energy: ≤0.1 kWh/sample

13. Occupational hazard: Hermetic sealing of the analytical process

14. Waste: Waste generation by HPLC methods is 1–10 ml (mainly, unused extract & non-edible part of the radish was the waste)

15. Waste treatment: No treatment

1. Select the sampling procedure: On line

2. Minimal sample size: >100 mg

3. In Situ: On line

4. Integration of analytical process and operational energy: < 3 steps

5. Miniaturized method: Semi-automated, as sample needed to be prepared

6. Derivatization: No, since microextraction wasn’t involved

7. Analytical waste: Reagents waste can be considered as less

8. The multi-analyte or multi parameters method: Single

9. The use of energy should be minimized: less

10. Reagents type: Some are biobased

11. Toxic reagents: Moderate level toxicity of HCl & methanol

12. Operator safety: No issue; Every potential risk has been avoided

GAPI pictogram

AGREE metric