Fig. 12
The bactericidal effect of TPU/TiO2 on the ultrastructure of E. coli. a A negative control (without TPU/TiO2). b A treated sample, there are malformed irregular rods (black arrowhead) with lysed cell walls (LY), separation between cell wall and plasma membrane (SM), departure of cellular content from the cell (white arrows), vacuole formation (V), and a complete cell lysis (Cl). CW, PM, and Cy refer to cell wall, plasma membrane and cytoplasm, respectively